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Two noisy sensors both print messy 0s and 1s, but one tends to repeat its previous bit after warming up, so what should a randomness assessor worry about first?

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Answer: Hidden dependency patterns

Whether heat adds entropyHeat can be involved in physical noise, but warmer is not automatically more random. If each bit partly copies the previous one after warming up, the extra heat has created a dependency problem rather than a better source. Entropy assessment asks how hard the next value is to guess, especially in the worst case.

Hidden dependency patternsHidden dependencies are exactly the kind of trap entropy tests look for. NIST SP 800-90B treats real entropy sources as often non-IID, meaning the bits may not be independent and identically distributed. Predictor and Markov-style checks matter because a messy stream can still leak patterns that improve an attacker's guesses.

Messier-looking plotsA messy plot can be reassuring to the eye and still miss the real issue. NIST separates output testing from entropy-source assessment because a source can have memory or bias that lowers worst-case unpredictability. The important question is whether the process has dependencies that help prediction, not whether the dots look chaotic.

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