How did new Middle Eastern states build shared identity after WWI?

Answer: By using schools, armies, maps, and state institutions to build a shared identity

By using schools, armies, maps, and state institutions to build a shared identity ✓ — Correct! States do not just inherit identity—they also build it. Schools, military service, official maps, media, and administration can gradually shape a shared sense of belonging.

Because once borders are drawn, shared identity appears automatically — Wrong. Borders matter, but shared identity does not appear automatically the moment a line is drawn.

Because a state can exist only when ethnicity and religion already fully match — Wrong. Many states formed before a fully unified identity existed. Building that identity often became part of state-making itself.