Why does deflation hurt economies?

Answer: People delay purchases indefinitely

Falling prices sound good — Wrong. While falling prices seem beneficial, deflation is dangerous. When prices fall, people delay purchases expecting lower prices later. This reduces demand, causing layoffs and more price drops—a vicious spiral that's hard to escape (Japan's 'lost decade').

Deflation helps everyone save — Wrong. Deflation increases debt burdens—if you borrowed $100,000 but deflation makes your salary shrink, the debt becomes harder to repay. Businesses and consumers struggle, causing bankruptcies and economic contraction. Mild inflation is healthier than deflation.

People delay purchases indefinitely ✓ — Correct! Deflation creates a death spiral: falling prices → people wait for lower prices → reduced demand → businesses cut prices and jobs → less income → even less demand → further deflation. Unlike inflation (which central banks can fight by raising rates), deflation is hard to escape because you can't lower interest rates below zero.