Which process can build up new land above the sea surface?

Answer: Volcanic eruptions pile up lava and ash

Volcanic eruptions pile up lava and ash ✓ — Correct! Volcanic eruptions can build up lava and ash from the seafloor until they break the surface, creating islands like Hawaii. This is a well-known process of island formation.

Ocean currents deposit sand and mud — Wrong. While ocean currents do deposit sand and mud, they typically build underwater features like sandbars or deltas, not islands that rise above the sea surface. Islands require solid rock or coral, not just loose sediment.

Melting icebergs drop rocks they carried — Wrong. Icebergs are chunks of ice that melt away; any rocks they carry sink to the seafloor. They don't form islands because the ice itself disappears, leaving no land above water.